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amoeba

Deadly microorganisms have multiplied due to global warming in warmed water

Salt seawater is by default considered safer than fresh stagnant water - in the latter, they say, why not get divorced during the swimming season. However, global warming has done its dirty work, and now it’s dangerous to splash around on sea beaches. And it's not a risk of drowning or stepping on a sea urchin. Scientists warn of the spread of dangerous bacteria that live mainly in warm waters.

The Eater of the Flesh

This summer, several fatal cases of infection with dangerous microorganisms Vibrio vulnificus, the amoeba Naegleria fowleri and the parasite Cryptosporidium were recorded.

A new threat to beach lovers is Vibrio vulnificus, also known as the "eater of the flesh." According to scientists, due to climate change, the bacterium appeared in places where it had not previously been found. In fact, it lives in ocean waters, the temperature of which exceeds 13 ° C, and now has glanced into resort bays.

There are two ways to become infected with the bacterium: if you try not enough well-cooked / fried seafood, as well as through wounds and abrasions on the body when bathing.

The bacterium affects the tendons and soft tissues, which is why patients develop necrotic fasciitis - inflammation of the tendons with necrosis (death). As a result, patients have to remove dead tissue and even amputate the limbs. In more severe cases, the infection enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body. This is fatal.

In order to prevent infection of Vibrio vulnificus, it is necessary to avoid open water for people with wounds, scratches, and not to eat seafood in raw or poorly processed form. Persons with reduced immunity and liver diseases are most susceptible to infection.

Serve your hemispheres!

Another exotic parasite Naegleria Fowleri or amoeba that feeds on the brain, lives in warm water and feeds exclusively on bacteria. It can be found at the bottom of ponds, among thickets of silt, where it goes down in search of food.

Infections caused by Naegleria Fowleri are rare. However, they are very dangerous and lead to death. Infection occurs while swimming in a pond. Amoeba enters the nose, from where it migrates through the olfactory nerve to the brain, where it causes inflammation of the brain or amoebic meningoencephalitis.

The brain is a wonderful habitat for the amoeba. It is also warm and humid, as in water. But bacteria are not there, and in search of food the amoeba begins to attack nerve cells. The immune system tries to protect brain cells. All this leads to inflammation, swelling, as well as increased intracranial pressure. The patient is worried about fever, nausea, vomiting, change in smell (as a result of damage to the olfactory nerve), then convulsions and hallucinations join.

The outcome of this disease is tragic for several reasons. Amoeba quickly destroys the substance of the brain. The early symptoms of this disease can be mistaken for manifestations of viral or bacterial meningitis. A diagnostic test that allows you to quickly determine the pathogen does not exist. As a result, this leads to the loss of valuable time, during which the patient can still be helped.

Moreover, currently there are no anti-amoeba drugs that have proven effective. Therefore, going to swim in a warm pond, and especially to dive, do not forget the nose clip. This will prevent parasites from entering the brain.

Parasite from the poo

Another parasite that lives in open water bodies and even pools is cryptosporidium. You can catch this bacterium by accidentally swallowing water in a pool, river or lake. The parasite is so stable that it manages to survive even in chlorinated water and stay in it for 10 days or more.

Cryptosporidium causes severe diarrhea, which can last up to 3 weeks. About 35% of cases from 2009 to 2017 were related to swimming in the pool. However, this is not the only place where you can catch an infection. The bacterium can enter the body from poor-quality water, through unwashed vegetables and fruits, as well as raw milk. From person to person, the infection is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, that is, through unwashed hands, as well as hygiene items and personal items of the infected person.

In order to avoid outbreaks of cryptosporidium infection, experts recommend that those with diarrhea (diarrhea) less than two weeks ago do not swim in the pool. And also do not swallow water from the pool, ponds, wash your hands more often, especially after going to the toilet, when caring for the patient and after talking with pets.