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| GLAUCOMA |
GLAUCOMA AND ITS DANGER
Glaucoma is a serious anomaly of the visual organs, which is characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure, a failure of the outflow of intraocular fluid and the occurrence of visual defects.
The concept of "glaucoma" combines various eye diseases having the following properties:
Intraocular pressure that rises regularly or periodically;
The development of glaucoma optic neuropathy - the breakdown of nerve fibers in the structure of the eye;
Deterioration of vision functions.
Pathology can develop at any age, but the greatest chance falls on old age.
The processes of outflow of intraocular fluid
The inner eye nucleus is filled with fluid, due to which the health of the eye and visual functions are maintained.
If outflows and inflows of this fluid change due to some factors, the regulation of pressure inside the eye changes.
With a constant process of increasing and decreasing pressure, some eye channels are blocked, due to which the flow of blood into individual cavities of the eye stops.
Factors and premises
Glaucoma is a multifactorial pathology.
The occurrence of the disease leads to the totality of a large list of prerequisites:
Hereditary factors
Personal characteristics of the body;
Anomalies of the eyeball;
Cardiovascular disorders;
Diseases of the endocrine glands;
Neuropsychological diseases.
With the development of glaucoma, a number of steps can be distinguished:
Deterioration of outflows of intraocular fluid;
Increased pressure inside the eye system;
Impaired ocular blood flow;
Lack of oxygen and poor blood supply to the optic nerves;
Strong compression of the optic fibers;
Disorder of the properties of fibers and cells of the optic nerves;
Complete decay of nerve fibers and termination of the optic nerve.
Typology of the disease
1. Congenital. Reasons: hereditary factor; mechanical injuries during pregnancy; embryo pathology; infectious diseases; lack of vitamin A; consequences of exposure, alcohol and other poisoning; birth injuries.
2. Youthful. It develops in early childhood until the age of thirty-five.
3. Primary glaucoma in adults. The most common type of glaucoma pathology develops due to age-related characteristics of the body.
4. Secondary. It appears after other ophthalmic ailments and diseases of a general nature.
Primary form
The first subtype is divided into the following types:
Open angle;
Angle-closure;
Combined
Glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure.
It has the following phases of the disease:
Initial (minor changes in vision);
Developed (noticeable changes in optical functions, the beginning of the narrowing of the visual field);
Running (strong narrowness of the visual field);
Ultimate (complete blindness).
Symptoms and manifestations of the primary form
The open-angle form is a hereditary pathology.
There is a list of prerequisites for the occurrence of an anomaly:
Hereditary-genetic circumstances (the anomaly passes from parents to children), myopia,
Advanced years
Other diseases (diabetes mellitus, problems with pressure, diseases of the spine, arteries, neck, cartilage).
These ailments provoke a failure of blood flow in the cerebral lobes and eye cavities.
The open-angle shape appears so invisibly that the patient does not know anything about the disease.
As a rule, there is no discomfort, cramping and pain, therefore, treatment is directly addressed to doctors already at the last stages, when the general state of health (visual impairment in particular) sharply worsens.
Symptoms in this case are as follows:
The emergence of many vague objects near lighting devices, visual disturbances (floating shape, fog);
Pain in the parietal part of the skull (or in the area of the eyebrows).
Usually, the pathology simultaneously affects two eyes at once, but the course of the disease itself proceeds in an asymmetric order.
The most important sign of glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure.
Initially, the pressure rises at times, and then goes into the regular phase.
The next important sign of pathology is a change in the characteristics of the visual field: objects take arched outlines, the number of blind spots increases.
In everyday life, people do not notice these signs.
Characteristics of the visual field in pathology
Female representatives are more prone to angle-closure.
Prerequisites for the occurrence of this pathology are:
Anatomical factors (large eye lens, small eye parameters, narrow anterior chamber angle, farsightedness);
Functional prerequisites (increase in the volume of abdominal fluid, wide pupils);
Age.
The course of this glaucoma form is identical for all patients.
Initially, a short-term jump in pressure occurs in the eye, and then the jumps begin to occur regularly and for a long time.
At the same time, outflows of the abdominal fluid decrease and seizures characteristic of the closed-angle form appear.
In the process of an attack, connecting bows arise between the eye diaphragm and the wall of the anterior chamber angle, and soon the pathology becomes chronic. The pressure inside the eye rises and falls.
With the development of the closed-angle shape, a number of steps can be distinguished:
The latent form of pathology (preglaucoma);
Acute spasm;
Transition to a chronic condition.
Preglaucoma is worth talking about when it does not manifest itself in any way in terms of symptoms.
During the transition from a latent form to spasms, slight manifestations of inconvenience, eye discomfort, the appearance of circles in the visual field, and periodic blurred vision are possible.
These signs occur, as a rule, during a period of emotional outbursts or after a long stay in a dark place, but pass quickly and therefore do not cause concern in people.
Spasmodic seizures are the result of many assumptions:
Psychological overstrain;
Fatigue
Fatigue;
Long stay in a dark room;
Artificial dilatation of the pupils with the help of drugs;
Prolonged inclination of the head.
At first, a person feels eye pains, visual noise, the appearance of blurred circles when looking at lighting devices.
All this arises as a result of corneal edema and severe compression of the visual nerve endings.
In addition to these, other signs may appear:
Dizziness;
Nausea;
Vomiting;
Heart discomfort;
Pain in the abdomen.
A personal examination of the eyeball shows only the expanded vascular network of the eye, redness, clouding of the cornea, motionless pupils, and a decrease in visual acuity.
Without an appropriate set of recreational activities, pathology can become chronic.
In this case, it causes frequent pressure surges leading to the final death of the optic nerve.
Therefore, with the first symptoms, consult an ophthalmologist. Using a slit lamp and other medical equipment, the doctor will establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment.
If acute spasm occurs, urgent medical attention is required.
First of all, it is necessary to reduce intraocular pressure as soon as possible, otherwise you can lose all visual functions forever.
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